The culmination of twenty years of research this essential book completes distinguished historian Philip C. C. Huangs pathbreaking trilogy on Chinese law and society from late imperial times to the present. The author argues that despite formal adherence to Western law and legal theory traditional Chinese judicial practices continue to flourish. Huang draws on a rich array of court records and field interviews to illustrate the surprising strength of traditional Chinese civil justice as can be seen in societal and cadres mediation and in court actions with respect to property rights inheritance and oldage maintenance and debts. Maoist justice too remains influential especially its divorce and court mediation practices. Finally despite the recent massive adoption of Western laws legal reasoning employed in judicial practice has shown stunning continuity with major implications for Chinas future.