1 Scientific Scholarly Communication Moving Forward Through Open Discussions1.1 Introduction1.2 Open and Unrestricted Access to Scientific Informationampampnbsp1.2.1 Concerns with Openly Sharing Sensitive Scientific Informationampampnbsp1.3 Sharing Scientific Data1.3.1 Privacy and Genetic Data Sharing1.4 Intellectual Property Rights and Scientific Scholarly Communication1.4.1 Impact of IPR on Sharing Data1.5 Measuring the Impact of Scientific Research1.6 Concluding Remarks1.7 References2 Access to Scientific Knowledge A Historical Perspective2.1 Introduction2.2 Scientific Scholarly Information Sharing 1600 19002.3 Scholarly Communication Developments in the 20th and the 21st Centuries2.4 Journal Subscription Debates2.5 Concluding Remarks2.6 References3 On the Road to Unrestricted Access to Scientific Information The Open Access Movement3.1 Introduction3.2 Open Access to Scholarly Publications Legislative and Other Supporting Initiatives3.3 Initiatives by Scholars Research Funders and Other Movers3.4 Measuring the Impact of OA Journals3.5 OA Influence in the Developing World3.6 OA Publishing Modelsampampnbsp3.6.1 Green OA Model3.6.2 Gold OA Model3.6.3 Other OA Models3.7 Maintaining the Quality and Integrity of OA Journals3.8 Concluding Remarks3.9 References4 Sharing Scientific Data Moving Towards Open Data4.1 Introduction4.2 Policy Initiatives Supporting Data Sharing4.3 Involvement of Funding Organizations and Journal Publishers4.4 Data Sharing Habits of Scientists4.5 Data Sharing in Different Scientific Disciplines4.5.1 Sharing Ecological Data4.5.2 Sharing Genomic Data4.6 Data Publication and Data Citation4.7 Moving Towards Open Data4.8 Concluding Remarks4.9 References5 Free Flow of Scientific Information vs. Intellectual Property Rights5.1 Introduction5.2 UniversityIndustry Collaborations or Commercialization of Academic Research5.2.1 Patenting and Licensing Academic Scientific Discoveries Government Legislations5.2.2 IPR and Academic Research The Debate5.2.3 Neg